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The Sikorsky S-61L and S-61N are civil variants of the successful SH-3 Sea King helicopter. They are two of the most widely used airliner and oil rig support helicopters built.〔Frawley, Gerard: ''The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003–2004'', p. 194. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.〕 ==Design and development== In September 1957, Sikorsky won a United States Navy development contract for an amphibious anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter capable of detecting and attacking submarines.〔 The XHSS-2 Sea King prototype flew on 11 March 1959. Production deliveries of the HSS-2 (later designated SH-3A) began in September 1961, with the initial production aircraft being powered by two 930 kW (1250shp) General Electric T58-GE-8B turboshafts. Sikorsky was quick to develop a commercial model of the Sea King.〔 The S-61L first flew on 2 November 1961, and was longer than the HSS-2 in order to carry a substantial payload of freight or passengers. Initial production S-61Ls were powered by two 1350shp (1005 kW) GE CT58-140 turboshafts, the civil version of the T58. The S-61L features a modified landing gear without float stabilisers. Los Angeles Airways was the first civil operator of the S-61〔Apostolo, G. "Sikorsky S-61".''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters''. Bonanza Books, 1984. ISBN 0-517-43935-2.〕 introducing them on 11 March 1962, for a purchased price of $650,000 each.〔("The Self-Supporting Helicopter" ) Time Magazine December 26, 1960〕 On 7 August 1962, the S-61N made its first flight.〔 Otherwise identical to the S-61L, this version is optimized for overwater operations, particularly oil rig support, by retaining the SH-3's floats. Both the S-61L and S-61N were subsequently updated to Mk II standard with improvements including more powerful CT58-110 engines giving better hot and high performance, vibration damping and other detail refinements. The Payloader, a stripped down version optimised for aerial crane work, was the third civil model of the S-61.〔 The Payloader features the fixed undercarriage of the S-61L, but with an empty weight almost less than the standard S-61N. Carson Helicopters was the first company to shorten a commercial S-61. The fuselage is shortened by to increase single engine performance and external payload. A unique version is the S-61 Shortsky conversion of S-61Ls and S-61Ns by Helipro International.〔 VIH Logging was the launch customer for the HeliPro Shortsky conversion which first flew in February 1996. One modification for the S-61 is the Carson Composite Main Rotor blade. These blades replace the original Sikorsky metal blades which are prone to fatigue. The Carson Composite Main Rotor blades permit a modified aircraft to carry an additional load, fly faster and increases range .〔 The latest version is the modernized S-61T helicopter. The US State Department has signed a purchase agreement for up to 110 modernized S-61T aircraft for passenger and cargo transport missions in support of its worldwide operations. The first two modernized S-61 aircraft will support missions for the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan.〔(Press Releases: U.S. State Department Accepts Modernized S-61TM Helicopters for Use in Afghanistan )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sikorsky S-61」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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